LASER MARKING Principle of laser marking |
The physical principle of laser marking is based on Light Amplifaction by Simulated Emission of Radiation. In other words, the energy emitted by a source (eg arc lamp) onto an active source (eg Nd:Yag crystal) will be collected and concentrated between two opposing mirrors.  1 The oscillation of specific light particles (photons) that move between the mirrors generates a high power laser beam. Only part of this beam passes through the output mirror (typically 10 to 20%), the rest being reinjected for the amplification process : the laser beam is thus created. 2 The beam is deflected by two scanning mirrors, driven electronically and via software, thus enabling a very high scanning speed and exceptional positioning accuracy. 3 The flat field lens then concentrates the beam energy in a very tiny spot and greatly increases the power density on the surface to be marked. 
The different markings can be classified in three categories : |
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Engraving with material removal (sublimation) the energy is delivered with high peak power pulses so that the material is instantaneously removed without thermal side-effects on the parts. |
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Material annealing with surface color change The energy is delivered with lower pulses, heating the material and changing the surface appearance. No material is removed. |
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Marking through layer removal On coated material, the contrast is created by removing the top layer, thus showing the color of the base material. |
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